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A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian, MN6) locality Bohlinger Schlucht (Hegau District, South-West Germany) has yielded a diverse assemblage of land mammals and lower vertebrates. After discovery in 2003, the ongoing excavations increased the number of taxa and here we report on the first equid remains of Anchitherium aurelianense from the locality. The best
taxonomic referral of this specimen is to the subspecies A. aurelianense hippoides. A comparison of the Bohlinger Schlucht locality to contemporaneous Western Europe localities is further discussed herein.
The oligochaetes Dendrodrilus rubidus (intestine/chloragog), Cognettia sphagnetorum (whole specimens), and the gastropod
Arion subfuscus (midgut gland) collected in the Egge Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) accumulated cadmium
(Cd) above the level of that soil horizon they preferably live in. Cd was also detected in the fat body and ovarioles of several
carabid species (Carabus problematicus, Abax parallelipipedus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus). Seasonal variations were
apparently dependent on the activity and reproduction of the species investigated. In some tissues of field collected Carabus problematicus (intestine, fat body, ovarioles) and of experimentally Cd-stressed Lumbricus terrestris (intestine/chloragog), Enchytraeus albidus (whole specimens), Arion subfuscus (midgut gland), but also in control tissues metallothioneins (MTs) could be detected. These proteins had a low molecular mass (6 to 11 kDa), a high Cd-binding capacity, a considerable amount of cysteine and a higher extinction at 254 nm compared to 280 nm. Cd-stress induced an additional synthesis of these proteins, which was roughly estimated using the cysteine content of the crude MT-fraction.
The beetle fauna of soil and litter in Amazon forest eco-systems was studied by means of Berlese-Tullgren extractions, at 8
sampling dates during 2 years in four experimental plots (one in primary forest, one in secondary forest and two polyculture
plots) of the Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental research centre near Manaus (Brazil). Beetle individuals were found in 99 % of
the extracted litter and soil cores. In total, we recorded 47 beetle families, of which 12 contributed to more than 90% of
the total individual numbers and beetle biomass, respectively. Most individuals recorded were very small averaging less than
2 mm body length. The total number of predator families was low (6 families, 13 %), when compared to that of the decomposers (29 families, 62 %). Only one family was considered herbivorous (Chrysomelidae, 2 %). 28 % of the decomposer families, but 67 % of the predator families ranged among the 12 most abundant beetle families. Among the 12 dominant beetle families the carnivorous Scydmaenidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Pselaphidae represented 51 % of the abundance and 41 % of the biomass. In comparison to other macroarthropods (Chilopoda, Formicidae, Isoptera, Diplopoda)
the contribution of Coleoptera to the total of individual numbers or faunal biomass was rather small. We conclude that
although diversity of the soil dwelling beetles seems to be high, their total contribution to nutrient cycling may be of minor
importance.
An insect inclusion in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber contained a well preserved flat bug, Archearadus burmensis gen.
n., sp. n., which is described and figured. It is distinguished from all known genera of Aradidae by various characters that
are discussed. A catalogue is given for Aradidae from Amber deposts described to date.
Lecanora panis-erucae HERTEL & V. WIRTH, a lichen almost exclusively grazed by the larvae of an unidentified moth, is described as a new species. Lecanora substylosa (losa (losa ZAHLBR.) HERTEl & V. WIRTH comb. nova (basionym:
Lecidea substylosa NYL.), a relative of Lecanora sulphurella HEPP differing by its chemistry, hitherto known only from its type collection, is reported from numerous localities. Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina NYL.) HERTEL, previously known only from its type locality in the Angolan part of the Namib Desert, is reported from other localities in
Namibia. Lecidea quartzina STIZ., judged to be a close relative of L. tragorum ZAHLBR., and hitherto known only from its type locality in the Cape Province of South Africa, is reported as new to Namibia. Lecidea sarcogynoides, also hitherto unrecorded for Namibia is reported from a number of localities.
We present a species list of spiders collected over a period of more than 5 years in a rainforest reserve in central Amazonia
-Reserva Ducke. The list is mainly based on intense sampling by several methods during two years and frequent visual
sampling during 5 years, but also includes records from other arachnologists and from the literature, in total containing 506
(morpho-)specles in 284 genera and 56 families. The species records from this Neotropical rainforest form the basis for a
biodiversity database for Amazonian spiders with specimens from several Brazilian collections and the collection of the
State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, where it is housed. This database will in the future facilitate species identification of Neotropical spider collections, allow comparison of morphospecles and serve as an important background for biodiversity evaluation in natural and anthropogenic habitats and the recognition of species distribution and loss. For further evaluation of the structure of Neotropical spider assemblages and their ecological function we present an analysis of the guild structure of the fauna of Reserva Ducke, although we also emphasize the lack of knowledge on natural history and behavior for many of the species.