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Specimens belonging to the Neotropical genus Fauva (Staphylinidae: Osoriinae) were studied from the following collections: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (IRSN); Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA (FMNH); and from a collection from Peru, made available by M. Verhaagh (Karlsruhe, Germany). The genus and four species are redescribed and the new species Fauva becki is described. The genus is divided into two species groups and a key to species is provided.
We present a species list of spiders collected over a period of more than 5 years in a rainforest reserve in central Amazonia
-Reserva Ducke. The list is mainly based on intense sampling by several methods during two years and frequent visual
sampling during 5 years, but also includes records from other arachnologists and from the literature, in total containing 506
(morpho-)specles in 284 genera and 56 families. The species records from this Neotropical rainforest form the basis for a
biodiversity database for Amazonian spiders with specimens from several Brazilian collections and the collection of the
State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, where it is housed. This database will in the future facilitate species identification of Neotropical spider collections, allow comparison of morphospecles and serve as an important background for biodiversity evaluation in natural and anthropogenic habitats and the recognition of species distribution and loss. For further evaluation of the structure of Neotropical spider assemblages and their ecological function we present an analysis of the guild structure of the fauna of Reserva Ducke, although we also emphasize the lack of knowledge on natural history and behavior for many of the species.
Lecanora panis-erucae HERTEL & V. WIRTH, a lichen almost exclusively grazed by the larvae of an unidentified moth, is described as a new species. Lecanora substylosa (losa (losa ZAHLBR.) HERTEl & V. WIRTH comb. nova (basionym:
Lecidea substylosa NYL.), a relative of Lecanora sulphurella HEPP differing by its chemistry, hitherto known only from its type collection, is reported from numerous localities. Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina NYL.) HERTEL, previously known only from its type locality in the Angolan part of the Namib Desert, is reported from other localities in
Namibia. Lecidea quartzina STIZ., judged to be a close relative of L. tragorum ZAHLBR., and hitherto known only from its type locality in the Cape Province of South Africa, is reported as new to Namibia. Lecidea sarcogynoides, also hitherto unrecorded for Namibia is reported from a number of localities.
An insect inclusion in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber contained a well preserved flat bug, Archearadus burmensis gen.
n., sp. n., which is described and figured. It is distinguished from all known genera of Aradidae by various characters that
are discussed. A catalogue is given for Aradidae from Amber deposts described to date.
The beetle fauna of soil and litter in Amazon forest eco-systems was studied by means of Berlese-Tullgren extractions, at 8
sampling dates during 2 years in four experimental plots (one in primary forest, one in secondary forest and two polyculture
plots) of the Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental research centre near Manaus (Brazil). Beetle individuals were found in 99 % of
the extracted litter and soil cores. In total, we recorded 47 beetle families, of which 12 contributed to more than 90% of
the total individual numbers and beetle biomass, respectively. Most individuals recorded were very small averaging less than
2 mm body length. The total number of predator families was low (6 families, 13 %), when compared to that of the decomposers (29 families, 62 %). Only one family was considered herbivorous (Chrysomelidae, 2 %). 28 % of the decomposer families, but 67 % of the predator families ranged among the 12 most abundant beetle families. Among the 12 dominant beetle families the carnivorous Scydmaenidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Pselaphidae represented 51 % of the abundance and 41 % of the biomass. In comparison to other macroarthropods (Chilopoda, Formicidae, Isoptera, Diplopoda)
the contribution of Coleoptera to the total of individual numbers or faunal biomass was rather small. We conclude that
although diversity of the soil dwelling beetles seems to be high, their total contribution to nutrient cycling may be of minor
importance.
The oligochaetes Dendrodrilus rubidus (intestine/chloragog), Cognettia sphagnetorum (whole specimens), and the gastropod
Arion subfuscus (midgut gland) collected in the Egge Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) accumulated cadmium
(Cd) above the level of that soil horizon they preferably live in. Cd was also detected in the fat body and ovarioles of several
carabid species (Carabus problematicus, Abax parallelipipedus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus). Seasonal variations were
apparently dependent on the activity and reproduction of the species investigated. In some tissues of field collected Carabus problematicus (intestine, fat body, ovarioles) and of experimentally Cd-stressed Lumbricus terrestris (intestine/chloragog), Enchytraeus albidus (whole specimens), Arion subfuscus (midgut gland), but also in control tissues metallothioneins (MTs) could be detected. These proteins had a low molecular mass (6 to 11 kDa), a high Cd-binding capacity, a considerable amount of cysteine and a higher extinction at 254 nm compared to 280 nm. Cd-stress induced an additional synthesis of these proteins, which was roughly estimated using the cysteine content of the crude MT-fraction.
The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian, MN6) locality Bohlinger Schlucht (Hegau District, South-West Germany) has yielded a diverse assemblage of land mammals and lower vertebrates. After discovery in 2003, the ongoing excavations increased the number of taxa and here we report on the first equid remains of Anchitherium aurelianense from the locality. The best
taxonomic referral of this specimen is to the subspecies A. aurelianense hippoides. A comparison of the Bohlinger Schlucht locality to contemporaneous Western Europe localities is further discussed herein.
A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
The mesofauna communities were assessed every three months (June 1997 to March 1999), in the litter and soil of a
polyculture system (POA and POC) and from a primary (FLO) and a secondary (SEC) forest. The highest densities were
obtained in POA, due to the dominance of Oribatida. The densities of Acari Oribatida and Collembola were notably lower in
the mineral soil. For non-Oribatid Acari, the same tendency was not clearly detected. In contrary to the other groups, the
highest densities of Collembola were found in FLO. In general, densities in the litter layer were higher. Therefore, strong differences were detected between 1997, an exceptionally dry year caused by the ”EI Niño” Southern Oscillation, and 1998.
The mesofauna population was lowest in 1997 Only in 1997, was the density in FLO, POA and POC higher in the soil fraction. The pattern in SEC was not the same because of the higher amount of litter. We hypothesized that the differences
between 1997 and 1998 were a result of: 1) a reaction of the mesofauna that migrated to the mineral soil during the
extremely dry period of 1997 and 2) a consequence of the litter layer reduction that occurred in 1997, causing lower mesofauna densities. Superimposed on the micro-climatic factors, we observed the influence of the condition of the litter layer on the mesofauna densities. Depending on the physical factors, there are years of high and others with low populations. Extremely wet years could also exert an influence on the soil mesofauna and studies of long-term periods are recommended. Although there was a tendency for the Acari Non-Oribatida biomass estimated in this study to be lower than in temperate forest, the values are however higher than values recorded for many tropical forests. On the contrary, Oribatida
and Collembola biomass were characterized by lower values compared to temperate forests.
Whip spiders belong to a small arachnid order (Amblypygi) that is not well known. Their most conspicuous feature are
the elongated, extremely thin front legs (“whips“, or antenniform legs). These are no longer used for walking but are modified extremities carrying various sense organs - very much like the antennae of insects. Whereas hundreds of olfactory
hairs are concentrated near the tip of each antenniform leg, large bristles (contact chemoreceptors) are evenly distributed over the entire antenniform leg. The sensory hairs of each antenniform leg contribute about 30,000 small sensory
axons which proceed toward the central nervous system (CNS). The sensory fibers originating from the mechanoreceptive bristles make chemical synapses with a few giant interneurons in the periphery. The giant axons (10-20 pm in diameter) of these large interneurons transmit nerve impulses with a high velocity (6 m/s) to the CNS. The purpose of this fast pathway still needs to be determined. Originally it was thought that the fast giant axons would trigger quick escape reactions, but this was not confirmed in physiological experiments. However, other possible behaviors that may be aided by the giant interneurons are prey capture, fighting, and orientation. What makes whip spiders unique is that both synapses and giant neurons are located far out in the peripheral nervous system. In all other arthropods - except for some arachnids - synapses and giant fiber systems are always found inside the CNS, never in the periphery.
Alien Heteroptera in Belgium
(2014)
After almost 85 years of palynological research, an impressive amount of pollen diagrams from the Vosges Mountains (NE France) is available. This paper presents an overview of these pollen diagrams and lists their main features and literature sources within a historical context. Furthermore, a short summary is provided on the natural and cultural context.
The authors describe Adpiasus riegeri sp. nov. (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirini), a new species of the genus from French Guyana. It is compared with the three existing species of the genus Adpiasus Carvalo & Schaffner, 1973, A. punctatus Carvalho & Schaffner, 1973, and A. mayanus Carvalho & Schaffner, 1973, from Mexico, as well as A. ecuadorianus Carvalho &
Carpintero, 1986, from Ecuador. The characteristic features of the new species are described in detail and illustrated by photographs. Adpiasus mayanus is recorded for the frst time from French Guyana.
Heteroptera of Lebanon
(2014)
Atractotomus riegeri sp. nov. from North Lebanon, where it was collected on Abies cilicica in two different localities, is described and illustrated. The new species is easily separated from all other Palaearctic Atractotomus by the unique shape of its second antennal segment, regularly and remarkably infated in both sexes. A key to the males of Palaearctic Atractotomus, partly based on that by Stonedahl (1990), has been provided in order to facilitate the recognition of the species.
The subcomplete skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur recently acquired by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History in Karlsruhe) is described. The specimen comes from the early Turanian of the Goulmima region, Morocco, and represents one of the most complete elas- mosaurs known in the world. Owing to the present uncertainties about elasmosaurs systematics, it is referred mainly on stratigraphical grounds to a new species of the genus Libonectes. Some of the bones of the holotype (e.g. cervical vertebrae, ulna) show an unusual type of preservation that might indicate an old-age related pathology. Some aspects of elasmosaurs anatomy suggest non obligatory feeding upon sea floor invertebrates.
Although known and housed in German institutions since at least the 19th century, until now marine reptiles from the
Braunjura ß have never been described in detail. The strata have yielded plesiosaur, thalattosuchian and rare ichthyosaur
remains, all fragmentary, most likely due to their deposition in a shallow marine, high energy palaeoenvironment. Cervical
vertebrae, which are housed in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History in
Karlsruhe), are described here and reveal the first elasmosaurid plesiosaurs reported to date from the German Dogger.
One new species, Holhymenia riegeri nov. spec., is described from Bolivia and Ecuador. Holhymenia intermedia (Burmeister,1835) and H. tibialis Breddin, 1904, are considered junior synonyms of H. clavigera (Herbst, 1784); new records of H. histrio (Fabricius, 1803), H. persimilis Breddin, 1903, H. rubiginosa Breddin, 1904, and H. scenica (Stål, 1865) are given; a key to all known species is included.