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Erysiphe platani
(2012)
This work deals in two sections with the North American plane powdery mildew Erysiphe platani, an epidemiological study and a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA ITS sequence data. Most likely, the species was introduced in South Europe at the beginning of the 1960s. In 2007, it was observed for the frst time in Germany near Freiburg (SW Germany) and obviously did not reach other German states until 2009. A detailed monitoring from 2009 to 2011 shows that the fungus continually spread north- and northeastward with a speed of roughly 190 km/year. The northernmost record is from Arendsee in the north of Sachsen-Anhalt from 2011. We assume that the species has come from the Rhone valley and the Burgundian Gate fnally entering Germany in the Upper Rhine plain. The molecular phylogenetic analyses of material of different geographic origins indicate that specimens from Germany and Italy are identical, differ slightly from those from Greece and strongly from extraeuropean (Australia, USA) material. This might indicate a considerable rate of mutation of this powdery mildew with North American origin in the new European area. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses confrm that E. platani is related to other tree-inhabiting powdery mildew species previously accommodated in the genus Microsphaera.
A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
Donaueschinger Wappenbuch
(2012)
A number of german late medieval armorials belong to the Bodensee group, named after their
region of manufacture. Strictly speaking, they do not make up a series of copies, but they share a
number of features. All include many marker coats-of-arms, i.e. combinations of legends and
figures-of-arms unlikely to have been invented independently. Some are curious mistakes of actual
arms, but most belong to the imaginary arms attributed to non-christian realms or to names from
literature. Some armorials include segments of ternionen (three best of each), notably the Nine
Worthies, quaternionen (the Pillars of the Empire), and / or organize parts of the german nobility by
their membership of tournament societies. Woodblocks were used for prestamping the outlines of
shields, helmets and manteling, and several were reused for different armorials. It is likely that part
of the sources used wasere older collations owned by or readily accessible to the artisans
responsible. Except for short fragments copying was rarely used, but pick-and-mix would be the
favoured approach, though by which guiding principles still need to b e clarified.
The mite species Scolotydaeus tauricus, so far only known from Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula, was found in a leprose crustose lichen on the mountain Königstuhl in Heidelberg. This is the first record of the family Paratydeidae for Germany. The adult, larva and nymphs of the Scolotydaeus from Heidelberg are described. The juvenile stages of Scolotydaeus tauricus are up to now unknown. Aspects of the taxonomy, morphology and ecology of this species are discussed.
Belba sculpta was found in a xerothermic habitat on
late Pleistocene aeolian sand deposits in the Dossenwald
near Mannheim in Southern Germany. This oribatid
mite species is so far unknown from Central Europe.
The taxon is redescribed on the basis of the new material,
and the larva and nymphs are documented for
the first time. Aspects of the taxonomy, evolutionary systematics
and ecology of Belba sculpta are discussed.
The Belba sculpta species group is introduced.
The mesofauna communities were assessed every three months (June 1997 to March 1999), in the litter and soil of a
polyculture system (POA and POC) and from a primary (FLO) and a secondary (SEC) forest. The highest densities were
obtained in POA, due to the dominance of Oribatida. The densities of Acari Oribatida and Collembola were notably lower in
the mineral soil. For non-Oribatid Acari, the same tendency was not clearly detected. In contrary to the other groups, the
highest densities of Collembola were found in FLO. In general, densities in the litter layer were higher. Therefore, strong differences were detected between 1997, an exceptionally dry year caused by the ”EI Niño” Southern Oscillation, and 1998.
The mesofauna population was lowest in 1997 Only in 1997, was the density in FLO, POA and POC higher in the soil fraction. The pattern in SEC was not the same because of the higher amount of litter. We hypothesized that the differences
between 1997 and 1998 were a result of: 1) a reaction of the mesofauna that migrated to the mineral soil during the
extremely dry period of 1997 and 2) a consequence of the litter layer reduction that occurred in 1997, causing lower mesofauna densities. Superimposed on the micro-climatic factors, we observed the influence of the condition of the litter layer on the mesofauna densities. Depending on the physical factors, there are years of high and others with low populations. Extremely wet years could also exert an influence on the soil mesofauna and studies of long-term periods are recommended. Although there was a tendency for the Acari Non-Oribatida biomass estimated in this study to be lower than in temperate forest, the values are however higher than values recorded for many tropical forests. On the contrary, Oribatida
and Collembola biomass were characterized by lower values compared to temperate forests.
The new genus and species Deltopyxis triangulispora is described. It is so far known from 14 sites in the south of Luxembourg and one in the neighbouring region of France. The discomycete forms very small, blackish-brown apothecia on bark, more rarely on wood, but particularly on more or less strongly senescent hymenia of Vuilleminia spp. The apothecia occur on dead, corticated, internally very slightly to rather strongly white-rotten, attached or broken, periodically dry branches at a height of about 1–3 m above ground. In most of the collections Vuilleminia was present and covered the
bast on one side of the branch, while the periderm still covered the remaining areas. D. triangulispora is so far recorded on angiosperm shrubs of the genera Corylus, Crataegus, Ilex, Prunus, and Salix, which had an advanced age or were already dead. The species prefers undisturbed, usually thermophilous hedges or open woodlands, especially close to their edges, but sometimes occurs also in dense, more air-humid woods. The fungus is characterized by 64-spored, elongate saccate, short-stalked, inamyloid, rather thin-walled asci which arise from croziers and open at the apex by a broad slit-like pore. The hyaline ascospores have a distinctly triangular shape when seen in profile view, but look slightly flattened, (ellipsoid-)deltoid in front view. In the living ascus they are arranged in a dense elongate cluster, which is forcibly discharged as one entity.
The position of Deltopyxis within the Ascomycota is unknown.
Nachweise für Carnivoren-Aktivitäten durch bekaute oder angedaute Knochen sind spärlich überliefert in Lokalitäten des
mittleren und oberen Miozän Europas. In dieser Studie bestimmen wir Skelettelemente aus der obermiozänen Lokalität bei Rudabánya, die durch Carnivoren verändert wurden und diskutieren deren Signifikanz unter Bezug auf ökomorphologische Attribute rezenter Beutegreifer, um auf Muster der Beuteauswahl und Freßverhalten schließen zu können.
The oligochaetes Dendrodrilus rubidus (intestine/chloragog), Cognettia sphagnetorum (whole specimens), and the gastropod
Arion subfuscus (midgut gland) collected in the Egge Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) accumulated cadmium
(Cd) above the level of that soil horizon they preferably live in. Cd was also detected in the fat body and ovarioles of several
carabid species (Carabus problematicus, Abax parallelipipedus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus). Seasonal variations were
apparently dependent on the activity and reproduction of the species investigated. In some tissues of field collected Carabus problematicus (intestine, fat body, ovarioles) and of experimentally Cd-stressed Lumbricus terrestris (intestine/chloragog), Enchytraeus albidus (whole specimens), Arion subfuscus (midgut gland), but also in control tissues metallothioneins (MTs) could be detected. These proteins had a low molecular mass (6 to 11 kDa), a high Cd-binding capacity, a considerable amount of cysteine and a higher extinction at 254 nm compared to 280 nm. Cd-stress induced an additional synthesis of these proteins, which was roughly estimated using the cysteine content of the crude MT-fraction.