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A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
The mesofauna communities were assessed every three months (June 1997 to March 1999), in the litter and soil of a
polyculture system (POA and POC) and from a primary (FLO) and a secondary (SEC) forest. The highest densities were
obtained in POA, due to the dominance of Oribatida. The densities of Acari Oribatida and Collembola were notably lower in
the mineral soil. For non-Oribatid Acari, the same tendency was not clearly detected. In contrary to the other groups, the
highest densities of Collembola were found in FLO. In general, densities in the litter layer were higher. Therefore, strong differences were detected between 1997, an exceptionally dry year caused by the ”EI Niño” Southern Oscillation, and 1998.
The mesofauna population was lowest in 1997 Only in 1997, was the density in FLO, POA and POC higher in the soil fraction. The pattern in SEC was not the same because of the higher amount of litter. We hypothesized that the differences
between 1997 and 1998 were a result of: 1) a reaction of the mesofauna that migrated to the mineral soil during the
extremely dry period of 1997 and 2) a consequence of the litter layer reduction that occurred in 1997, causing lower mesofauna densities. Superimposed on the micro-climatic factors, we observed the influence of the condition of the litter layer on the mesofauna densities. Depending on the physical factors, there are years of high and others with low populations. Extremely wet years could also exert an influence on the soil mesofauna and studies of long-term periods are recommended. Although there was a tendency for the Acari Non-Oribatida biomass estimated in this study to be lower than in temperate forest, the values are however higher than values recorded for many tropical forests. On the contrary, Oribatida
and Collembola biomass were characterized by lower values compared to temperate forests.
Whip spiders belong to a small arachnid order (Amblypygi) that is not well known. Their most conspicuous feature are
the elongated, extremely thin front legs (“whips“, or antenniform legs). These are no longer used for walking but are modified extremities carrying various sense organs - very much like the antennae of insects. Whereas hundreds of olfactory
hairs are concentrated near the tip of each antenniform leg, large bristles (contact chemoreceptors) are evenly distributed over the entire antenniform leg. The sensory hairs of each antenniform leg contribute about 30,000 small sensory
axons which proceed toward the central nervous system (CNS). The sensory fibers originating from the mechanoreceptive bristles make chemical synapses with a few giant interneurons in the periphery. The giant axons (10-20 pm in diameter) of these large interneurons transmit nerve impulses with a high velocity (6 m/s) to the CNS. The purpose of this fast pathway still needs to be determined. Originally it was thought that the fast giant axons would trigger quick escape reactions, but this was not confirmed in physiological experiments. However, other possible behaviors that may be aided by the giant interneurons are prey capture, fighting, and orientation. What makes whip spiders unique is that both synapses and giant neurons are located far out in the peripheral nervous system. In all other arthropods - except for some arachnids - synapses and giant fiber systems are always found inside the CNS, never in the periphery.
Alien Heteroptera in Belgium
(2014)
After almost 85 years of palynological research, an impressive amount of pollen diagrams from the Vosges Mountains (NE France) is available. This paper presents an overview of these pollen diagrams and lists their main features and literature sources within a historical context. Furthermore, a short summary is provided on the natural and cultural context.
The authors describe Adpiasus riegeri sp. nov. (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirini), a new species of the genus from French Guyana. It is compared with the three existing species of the genus Adpiasus Carvalo & Schaffner, 1973, A. punctatus Carvalho & Schaffner, 1973, and A. mayanus Carvalho & Schaffner, 1973, from Mexico, as well as A. ecuadorianus Carvalho &
Carpintero, 1986, from Ecuador. The characteristic features of the new species are described in detail and illustrated by photographs. Adpiasus mayanus is recorded for the frst time from French Guyana.
Heteroptera of Lebanon
(2014)
Atractotomus riegeri sp. nov. from North Lebanon, where it was collected on Abies cilicica in two different localities, is described and illustrated. The new species is easily separated from all other Palaearctic Atractotomus by the unique shape of its second antennal segment, regularly and remarkably infated in both sexes. A key to the males of Palaearctic Atractotomus, partly based on that by Stonedahl (1990), has been provided in order to facilitate the recognition of the species.
The subcomplete skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur recently acquired by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History in Karlsruhe) is described. The specimen comes from the early Turanian of the Goulmima region, Morocco, and represents one of the most complete elas- mosaurs known in the world. Owing to the present uncertainties about elasmosaurs systematics, it is referred mainly on stratigraphical grounds to a new species of the genus Libonectes. Some of the bones of the holotype (e.g. cervical vertebrae, ulna) show an unusual type of preservation that might indicate an old-age related pathology. Some aspects of elasmosaurs anatomy suggest non obligatory feeding upon sea floor invertebrates.
Although known and housed in German institutions since at least the 19th century, until now marine reptiles from the
Braunjura ß have never been described in detail. The strata have yielded plesiosaur, thalattosuchian and rare ichthyosaur
remains, all fragmentary, most likely due to their deposition in a shallow marine, high energy palaeoenvironment. Cervical
vertebrae, which are housed in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History in
Karlsruhe), are described here and reveal the first elasmosaurid plesiosaurs reported to date from the German Dogger.
One new species, Holhymenia riegeri nov. spec., is described from Bolivia and Ecuador. Holhymenia intermedia (Burmeister,1835) and H. tibialis Breddin, 1904, are considered junior synonyms of H. clavigera (Herbst, 1784); new records of H. histrio (Fabricius, 1803), H. persimilis Breddin, 1903, H. rubiginosa Breddin, 1904, and H. scenica (Stål, 1865) are given; a key to all known species is included.