570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
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The mesofauna communities were assessed every three months (June 1997 to March 1999), in the litter and soil of a
polyculture system (POA and POC) and from a primary (FLO) and a secondary (SEC) forest. The highest densities were
obtained in POA, due to the dominance of Oribatida. The densities of Acari Oribatida and Collembola were notably lower in
the mineral soil. For non-Oribatid Acari, the same tendency was not clearly detected. In contrary to the other groups, the
highest densities of Collembola were found in FLO. In general, densities in the litter layer were higher. Therefore, strong differences were detected between 1997, an exceptionally dry year caused by the ”EI Niño” Southern Oscillation, and 1998.
The mesofauna population was lowest in 1997 Only in 1997, was the density in FLO, POA and POC higher in the soil fraction. The pattern in SEC was not the same because of the higher amount of litter. We hypothesized that the differences
between 1997 and 1998 were a result of: 1) a reaction of the mesofauna that migrated to the mineral soil during the
extremely dry period of 1997 and 2) a consequence of the litter layer reduction that occurred in 1997, causing lower mesofauna densities. Superimposed on the micro-climatic factors, we observed the influence of the condition of the litter layer on the mesofauna densities. Depending on the physical factors, there are years of high and others with low populations. Extremely wet years could also exert an influence on the soil mesofauna and studies of long-term periods are recommended. Although there was a tendency for the Acari Non-Oribatida biomass estimated in this study to be lower than in temperate forest, the values are however higher than values recorded for many tropical forests. On the contrary, Oribatida
and Collembola biomass were characterized by lower values compared to temperate forests.
The oligochaetes Dendrodrilus rubidus (intestine/chloragog), Cognettia sphagnetorum (whole specimens), and the gastropod
Arion subfuscus (midgut gland) collected in the Egge Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) accumulated cadmium
(Cd) above the level of that soil horizon they preferably live in. Cd was also detected in the fat body and ovarioles of several
carabid species (Carabus problematicus, Abax parallelipipedus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus). Seasonal variations were
apparently dependent on the activity and reproduction of the species investigated. In some tissues of field collected Carabus problematicus (intestine, fat body, ovarioles) and of experimentally Cd-stressed Lumbricus terrestris (intestine/chloragog), Enchytraeus albidus (whole specimens), Arion subfuscus (midgut gland), but also in control tissues metallothioneins (MTs) could be detected. These proteins had a low molecular mass (6 to 11 kDa), a high Cd-binding capacity, a considerable amount of cysteine and a higher extinction at 254 nm compared to 280 nm. Cd-stress induced an additional synthesis of these proteins, which was roughly estimated using the cysteine content of the crude MT-fraction.
Naturmuseen haben traditionell die Aufgabe, Schätze der uns umgebenden Natur zu bewahren und der Öffentlichkeit einen Zugang zu ihnen zu eröffnen, der zuallererst auf Anschaulichkeit beruhen sollte. Hierfür ist das Auswahlprinzip des Naturalienkabinetts noch immer nicht überlebt: Der Besucher erwartet Großes, Schönes, Skurriles, Exotisches für ein ergötzliches Betrachten. Dort, wo die Grenzen der Erkennbarkeit (Ludwig Beck betont oft: der Mensch ist ein Augentier)
oder des Ekels und der Lächerlichkeit überschritten werden (die Regenwürmer hat schon Goethe zum Ziel faustischen Spottes gemacht), geht der Schauwert gegen Null. Welche Chance soll also das “einförmige Wurmgewimmel” im Boden, sollen millimeterkleine Bewohner der Bodenstreu im Besucherinteresse haben? So ähnlich hat wohl die Frage gelautet, die sich Direktor Dr. Erwin Jörg stellen musste, als sich 1975 ein Bodenzoologe um die Stelle des Leiters des Bereiches Zoologie im Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe bewarb. Schlimmer noch: Es war ein Professor der Universität Bochum, der seine Erfahrungen aus Südamerika bezog und unmissverständlich forderte, Bodenbiologie am Museum Karlsruhe zu etablieren. Was aber kann ein Universitätsmensch mit ausstellungsfernen Forschungsideen Nützliches an einem Museum leisten?