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In this paper, we describe a new species of Mesoplophora collected from forest floor litter in southwestern Nigeria. Mesoplophora is a cosmopolitan genus of pytchoid mites that has been recorded from the Palaearctic region as well as Morocco
and Tchad in the Ethiopian region. M. ife an a is the first Mesoplophora species to be fully identified and described from Nigeria. Differences between this species, M. ifeana, and other Mesoplophora species recorded from Africa are observed in
respect of the number of spines on the sensillus, presence of two pairs of exobothridial setae and leg chaetotaxy. The lack of information on fine taxonomic details of adults and deutonymphs of M. africana from Tchad as well as the discrepancies in the description of certain morphological features such as organisation and chaetotaxy of the ventral plates as well as the nomenclature of setae on the aspis were noted. Attention was drawn to the unique combination of traits of both lower
and higher Oribatida in Mesoplophora, a trait which may be responsible for its ubiquitous distribution.
Whip spiders belong to a small arachnid order (Amblypygi) that is not well known. Their most conspicuous feature are
the elongated, extremely thin front legs (“whips“, or antenniform legs). These are no longer used for walking but are modified extremities carrying various sense organs - very much like the antennae of insects. Whereas hundreds of olfactory
hairs are concentrated near the tip of each antenniform leg, large bristles (contact chemoreceptors) are evenly distributed over the entire antenniform leg. The sensory hairs of each antenniform leg contribute about 30,000 small sensory
axons which proceed toward the central nervous system (CNS). The sensory fibers originating from the mechanoreceptive bristles make chemical synapses with a few giant interneurons in the periphery. The giant axons (10-20 pm in diameter) of these large interneurons transmit nerve impulses with a high velocity (6 m/s) to the CNS. The purpose of this fast pathway still needs to be determined. Originally it was thought that the fast giant axons would trigger quick escape reactions, but this was not confirmed in physiological experiments. However, other possible behaviors that may be aided by the giant interneurons are prey capture, fighting, and orientation. What makes whip spiders unique is that both synapses and giant neurons are located far out in the peripheral nervous system. In all other arthropods - except for some arachnids - synapses and giant fiber systems are always found inside the CNS, never in the periphery.
After almost 85 years of palynological research, an impressive amount of pollen diagrams from the Vosges Mountains (NE France) is available. This paper presents an overview of these pollen diagrams and lists their main features and literature sources within a historical context. Furthermore, a short summary is provided on the natural and cultural context.
In the upper Danube river-system, but also in some more watercourses of the German lower mountains range, an endolithic filamentous cyanobacterium is a prominent compound of the phytobenthos. These filaments penetrate limestones in the river bed and form brush-like endolithic layers of about 0.5 mm in depth. There are similarities between this taxon and approximately 10 other filamentous Cyanophyceae in terms of the width of the trichomes, the geometry of the cells and the shape of the apical cells. However, none of these species allow for a direct and clear-cut identification, and a precise taxonomic determination has therefore been unresolved until today. In order to make progress in this matter, it is necessary to get a better insight into the boring behaviour of this inhabitant and into the endolithic arrangements of the filaments. For
this purpose, special preparation methods and SEM examinations were applied. The results of these procedures as well as critical comparisons with taxonomic properties of similar phormidian taxa, and the special demands on physico-chemical water conditions, led to the conclusion that the taxon in question cannot be assigned to a known species, but must be considered as an independant species. It is here described as Phormidium ingrediens species nova.
We report the unexpected discovery of foliicolous lichen communities at several localities in the Black Forest, south-western Germany, with a total of seven truly or facultatively foliicolous taxa: Bacidina chloroticula, Fellhanera bouteillei, F. subtilis, F. viridisorediata, Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola, Gyalectidium setiferum, and Scoliciosporum curvatum. The communities are similar to those reported previously from Belgium, western Germany (Mosel valley), and Austria (Styria), apparently forming a characteristic association across central Europe (Fellhaneretum myrtillicolae SPIER & APTROOT), but are richer in species in the Black Forest than in any of the other areas studied. An identification key is provided to the species of this association in the Black Forest. Gyalectidium setiferum is new for central Europe, and Scoliciosporum curvatum is new to southern Germany.
Since these lichen communities appear to be confined to well-conserved forest and depend on favorable, warm-humid climatic conditions, their potential use as indicators of global climatic change is discussed.
The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian, MN6) locality Bohlinger Schlucht (Hegau District, South-West Germany) has yielded a diverse assemblage of land mammals and lower vertebrates. After discovery in 2003, the ongoing excavations increased the number of taxa and here we report on the first equid remains of Anchitherium aurelianense from the locality. The best
taxonomic referral of this specimen is to the subspecies A. aurelianense hippoides. A comparison of the Bohlinger Schlucht locality to contemporaneous Western Europe localities is further discussed herein.
A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
The material of Xantholinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) collected by A. RIEDEL in Indonesia is studied. The following new species are described: Andelis tinalum n. sp. (Java), Sumatera halimun n. sp. (Java), Erymus ijen n. sp. (Java), Erymus pohen n. sp. (Bali); Sumatera riedeli n. sp. (Sumatra). The following species are new records for the region: Metolinus modiglianii (Java,
Mentawei), Maharadja pubiventris (Sumatra).
We provide a short history of the development of the Höwenegg quarry between 1985 and 1996, the rationale for continuing the excavations in 2003, and the progress made during the 2004-2006 campaigns. In the 2004 field season we completed our excavation at the western extent of the Main Höwenegg Trench, and retrieved a disturbed Miotragocerus skeleton in close proximity to the other two skeletons retrieved in 2003. We also opened a 5 m thick section in a trench 50 m north of the JÖRG and TOBIEN Quarry, and established the presence of vertebrate fossils and even richer deposits of fossil plant material. The 2005 and 2006 field seasons were dedicated to establishing and opening a new quarry adjacent to, and on the immediate western border of the Main Höwenegg Trench. The establishment of this new Western Quarry required extensive support from the Town of Immendingen for cutting down trees, removing a 1 m thick soil horizon with a
thick mat of roots, and undertaking trenching and bulldozing of disturbed sediments. The Western Quarry, approximately 100 m² in area, was extensively excavated by stratigraphic horizon, and initial correlations to the JÖRG and TOBIEN stratigraphic section made. We provide here statistics on the relative percentages of biotic elements collected, and their representation in our excavations. These analyses demonstrate that Unit 11, a marl where the Miotragocerus and Trionyx skeletons were excavated in 2003 and 2004, is both the richest and contains the most diverse biotic elements at the Höwenegg. These horizons were not excavated in 2004-2006 in the new Western Quarry, but will be in the 2007 field season.