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This paper is the first of a series in which more information will be added to the existing on biogeographical distribution of oribatid mites. Here we describe a new species of a phthiracarid mite collected from forest floor litter in southwestern Nigeria. Differences between this species, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) nigeriensis, and other Hoplophorella species are the foveoli on the aspis and notogaster, the shape of notogastric setae, as well as shapes and chaetotaxy of the genital and anal plates. More differences in taxonomically important features such as the morphological features of the infracapitulum and epimeron as well as leg chaetotaxy between this species and others could not be determined, not only because of lack of information on the latter in literature, but also because many type specimens are not available for dissection which must be done in order to reveal fine morphological details. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) nigeriensis belongs to the "cucullata" group of Hoplophorella which possess one enlarged adanal seta. It differs from other members of this group in respect of adanoanal and tarsal chaetotaxy. Hoplophorella is considered as a subgenus of Atropacarus in this paper, because there is no evidence in literature that Hoplophorella as a group is a separate phylogenetic entity.
In this paper, we describe a new species of Mesoplophora collected from forest floor litter in southwestern Nigeria. Mesoplophora is a cosmopolitan genus of pytchoid mites that has been recorded from the Palaearctic region as well as Morocco
and Tchad in the Ethiopian region. M. ife an a is the first Mesoplophora species to be fully identified and described from Nigeria. Differences between this species, M. ifeana, and other Mesoplophora species recorded from Africa are observed in
respect of the number of spines on the sensillus, presence of two pairs of exobothridial setae and leg chaetotaxy. The lack of information on fine taxonomic details of adults and deutonymphs of M. africana from Tchad as well as the discrepancies in the description of certain morphological features such as organisation and chaetotaxy of the ventral plates as well as the nomenclature of setae on the aspis were noted. Attention was drawn to the unique combination of traits of both lower
and higher Oribatida in Mesoplophora, a trait which may be responsible for its ubiquitous distribution.
Whip spiders belong to a small arachnid order (Amblypygi) that is not well known. Their most conspicuous feature are
the elongated, extremely thin front legs (“whips“, or antenniform legs). These are no longer used for walking but are modified extremities carrying various sense organs - very much like the antennae of insects. Whereas hundreds of olfactory
hairs are concentrated near the tip of each antenniform leg, large bristles (contact chemoreceptors) are evenly distributed over the entire antenniform leg. The sensory hairs of each antenniform leg contribute about 30,000 small sensory
axons which proceed toward the central nervous system (CNS). The sensory fibers originating from the mechanoreceptive bristles make chemical synapses with a few giant interneurons in the periphery. The giant axons (10-20 pm in diameter) of these large interneurons transmit nerve impulses with a high velocity (6 m/s) to the CNS. The purpose of this fast pathway still needs to be determined. Originally it was thought that the fast giant axons would trigger quick escape reactions, but this was not confirmed in physiological experiments. However, other possible behaviors that may be aided by the giant interneurons are prey capture, fighting, and orientation. What makes whip spiders unique is that both synapses and giant neurons are located far out in the peripheral nervous system. In all other arthropods - except for some arachnids - synapses and giant fiber systems are always found inside the CNS, never in the periphery.
In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die Skelette und Skelettelemente der Hipparien, die von Jörg und Tobien zwischen 1950
und 1968 in Höwenegg bei Grabungen geborgen worden sind. Diese Fundstelle ist ca. 10,3 Millionen Jahre alt und in ihr sind mehrere fragmentarische aber eben auch vollständige Skelette von Rhinocerotiden, Cerviden, Traguliden, Boviden und insbesondere dem dreizehigen Urpferd Hippotherium primigenium überliefert. Die Beschreibung dieser vollständigen Skelette basiert zunächst auf einer anatomischen Analyse der einzelnen Skelettelemente. Dann werden die Meßwerte der kontinuierlichen Variablen dieser Elemente für die gesamte Höwenegg Population statistisch untersucht, und schließlich die Variabiltät der Ausprägung von 49 Schädel- und Zahnmerkmalen innerhalb dieser Population analysiert. Die Analysen der kontinuierlichen Variablen zeigen im allgemeinen nur eine geringe Streubreite, einige Parameter an den Schneidezähnen und an postcranialen Elementen ausgenommen. Die Verteilung der Merkmalsausprägungen innerhalb des untersuchten Materials zeigt eine weitestgehende Konstanz der Merkmale; geringe Variabilitäten können durch ontogenetische Faktoren erkärt werden. Berücksichtigt man z. B. den Abnutzungsgrad der Kauflächen der Zähne zeigen sich auch schon die meisten Zahnmerkmale allein hinreichend konstant, festzustellen, daß an dieser Fundstelle nur eine einzige Hipparion-Art festgestellt werden kann. Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, daß das Höwenegg-Pferd nicht nur eines der ältesten Vertreter der Gruppe der Hipparien in Europa war, sondern zudem morphologisch noch äußerst urtümlich ist und stammesgeschichtlich nahe der Basis der Radiation der Hipparien in der Alten Welt steht. Seine Zähne sind noch relativ flachkronig, auf der Oberfläche stark gefaltet und durch tiefe mediolaterale Furchen gekennzeichnet. Dies deutet auf einen nur geringen Gras- und vermehrten Blattanteil in der aufgenommen Nahrung hin. Der Bewegunsapparat zeigt Anpassungen im Bereich der Wirbelsäule sowie der Extremitäten an Sprung- und schnelle Seitwärtsbewegungen. Beides sind notwendige Anpassungen für ein Tier dieser Größe, um in den warm-gemäßigten bis subtropischen mesophytischen Wäldern des mitteleuropäischen Vallesiums und frühen Turoliums überleben zu können.
After almost 85 years of palynological research, an impressive amount of pollen diagrams from the Vosges Mountains (NE France) is available. This paper presents an overview of these pollen diagrams and lists their main features and literature sources within a historical context. Furthermore, a short summary is provided on the natural and cultural context.
In the upper Danube river-system, but also in some more watercourses of the German lower mountains range, an endolithic filamentous cyanobacterium is a prominent compound of the phytobenthos. These filaments penetrate limestones in the river bed and form brush-like endolithic layers of about 0.5 mm in depth. There are similarities between this taxon and approximately 10 other filamentous Cyanophyceae in terms of the width of the trichomes, the geometry of the cells and the shape of the apical cells. However, none of these species allow for a direct and clear-cut identification, and a precise taxonomic determination has therefore been unresolved until today. In order to make progress in this matter, it is necessary to get a better insight into the boring behaviour of this inhabitant and into the endolithic arrangements of the filaments. For
this purpose, special preparation methods and SEM examinations were applied. The results of these procedures as well as critical comparisons with taxonomic properties of similar phormidian taxa, and the special demands on physico-chemical water conditions, led to the conclusion that the taxon in question cannot be assigned to a known species, but must be considered as an independant species. It is here described as Phormidium ingrediens species nova.
We report the unexpected discovery of foliicolous lichen communities at several localities in the Black Forest, south-western Germany, with a total of seven truly or facultatively foliicolous taxa: Bacidina chloroticula, Fellhanera bouteillei, F. subtilis, F. viridisorediata, Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola, Gyalectidium setiferum, and Scoliciosporum curvatum. The communities are similar to those reported previously from Belgium, western Germany (Mosel valley), and Austria (Styria), apparently forming a characteristic association across central Europe (Fellhaneretum myrtillicolae SPIER & APTROOT), but are richer in species in the Black Forest than in any of the other areas studied. An identification key is provided to the species of this association in the Black Forest. Gyalectidium setiferum is new for central Europe, and Scoliciosporum curvatum is new to southern Germany.
Since these lichen communities appear to be confined to well-conserved forest and depend on favorable, warm-humid climatic conditions, their potential use as indicators of global climatic change is discussed.
The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian, MN6) locality Bohlinger Schlucht (Hegau District, South-West Germany) has yielded a diverse assemblage of land mammals and lower vertebrates. After discovery in 2003, the ongoing excavations increased the number of taxa and here we report on the first equid remains of Anchitherium aurelianense from the locality. The best
taxonomic referral of this specimen is to the subspecies A. aurelianense hippoides. A comparison of the Bohlinger Schlucht locality to contemporaneous Western Europe localities is further discussed herein.
A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt-Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisenhafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be correlated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the beetle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and pronotum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off pronotum with caudolaterally concave margins combined with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Europe. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: Durlachia striata.
The material of Xantholinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) collected by A. RIEDEL in Indonesia is studied. The following new species are described: Andelis tinalum n. sp. (Java), Sumatera halimun n. sp. (Java), Erymus ijen n. sp. (Java), Erymus pohen n. sp. (Bali); Sumatera riedeli n. sp. (Sumatra). The following species are new records for the region: Metolinus modiglianii (Java,
Mentawei), Maharadja pubiventris (Sumatra).
We provide a short history of the development of the Höwenegg quarry between 1985 and 1996, the rationale for continuing the excavations in 2003, and the progress made during the 2004-2006 campaigns. In the 2004 field season we completed our excavation at the western extent of the Main Höwenegg Trench, and retrieved a disturbed Miotragocerus skeleton in close proximity to the other two skeletons retrieved in 2003. We also opened a 5 m thick section in a trench 50 m north of the JÖRG and TOBIEN Quarry, and established the presence of vertebrate fossils and even richer deposits of fossil plant material. The 2005 and 2006 field seasons were dedicated to establishing and opening a new quarry adjacent to, and on the immediate western border of the Main Höwenegg Trench. The establishment of this new Western Quarry required extensive support from the Town of Immendingen for cutting down trees, removing a 1 m thick soil horizon with a
thick mat of roots, and undertaking trenching and bulldozing of disturbed sediments. The Western Quarry, approximately 100 m² in area, was extensively excavated by stratigraphic horizon, and initial correlations to the JÖRG and TOBIEN stratigraphic section made. We provide here statistics on the relative percentages of biotic elements collected, and their representation in our excavations. These analyses demonstrate that Unit 11, a marl where the Miotragocerus and Trionyx skeletons were excavated in 2003 and 2004, is both the richest and contains the most diverse biotic elements at the Höwenegg. These horizons were not excavated in 2004-2006 in the new Western Quarry, but will be in the 2007 field season.
The morphology of the anamorphic hornbeam powdery mildew fungus Oidium carpini on Carpinus betulus is re-examined using light microscopy. All morphological features were documented by line drawings The conidiophore length is very variable and depends on which side of the leaf the conidiophores are formed. This variability is discussed with respect to the morpho-taxonomic value of conidiophore length and identification of anamorphic Erysiphales species. Furthermore, we report this species for the first time from Iran.
Lecanora panis-erucae HERTEL & V. WIRTH, a lichen almost exclusively grazed by the larvae of an unidentified moth, is described as a new species. Lecanora substylosa (losa (losa ZAHLBR.) HERTEl & V. WIRTH comb. nova (basionym:
Lecidea substylosa NYL.), a relative of Lecanora sulphurella HEPP differing by its chemistry, hitherto known only from its type collection, is reported from numerous localities. Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina (Lecidella placodina NYL.) HERTEL, previously known only from its type locality in the Angolan part of the Namib Desert, is reported from other localities in
Namibia. Lecidea quartzina STIZ., judged to be a close relative of L. tragorum ZAHLBR., and hitherto known only from its type locality in the Cape Province of South Africa, is reported as new to Namibia. Lecidea sarcogynoides, also hitherto unrecorded for Namibia is reported from a number of localities.
The collection of the Museo de Paleontología de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (MPG) contains fossils of vertebrates from
several localities in the State Jalisco, SW-Mexico. The localities are Miocene up to Pleistocene in age. Based on investigations during a visit at the MPG in 2003 a faunal list and a short characterisation of the faunal assemblage are presented in
comparison to the localities Rancho la Brea (California, USA) and Mina (Nuevo León, NE-Mexico). Potential projects for further investigations on the fossil material and the localities are proposed.
Although known and housed in German institutions since at least the 19th century, until now marine reptiles from the
Braunjura ß have never been described in detail. The strata have yielded plesiosaur, thalattosuchian and rare ichthyosaur
remains, all fragmentary, most likely due to their deposition in a shallow marine, high energy palaeoenvironment. Cervical
vertebrae, which are housed in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History in
Karlsruhe), are described here and reveal the first elasmosaurid plesiosaurs reported to date from the German Dogger.
An insect inclusion in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber contained a well preserved flat bug, Archearadus burmensis gen.
n., sp. n., which is described and figured. It is distinguished from all known genera of Aradidae by various characters that
are discussed. A catalogue is given for Aradidae from Amber deposts described to date.
Tooth mesowear analysis on Hippotherium primigenium from the Vallesian Dinotheriensande (Germany)
(2000)
Ein neuer Ansatz zur Rekonstruktion der Paläodiät von Huftieren, die Mesowearmethode, wurde kürzlich von Fortelius &
Solounias (im Druck) beschrieben. Ein großes diagnostisches Potential für die Ernährungsweise von Huftieren wurde in Merkmalen der Zahnabnutzung auf der Okklusalfläche erkannt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist in zweifacher Hinsicht der erste Test der Mesowearmethode. (1) Es wird die Diät des hipparionten Equiden Hippotherium primigenium aus
den vallesischen Dinotheriensanden (Rheinhessen, Deutschland) unter Anwendung der Mesowearmethode rekonstruiert.
(2) Um die Robustheit der Methode zu überprüfen, wird eine Blindteststudie durchgeführt, in der die 5 Autoren dieselbe
Sammlung oberer zweiter Molaren unabhängig voneinander untersuchen. Als Konsensusdiät für Hippotherium primigenium,
wird eine gemischte Nahrungszusammensetzung mit Grasanteil, ähnlich der des Impala (Aepyceros melampus) vorgeschlagen. Die Mesowearmethode hat sich als effektiv und robust erwiesen.
Seit über 100 Jahren wurden in Ungarn neogene Suiden gesammelt, doch gibt es darüber bis heute nur wenige Veröffentlichungen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt den derzeitigen Stand der Kenntnisse über die obermiozänen Suiden Ungarns und ihre evolutionären, chronologischen und biogeographischen Verhältnisse zu anderen eurasischen Suiden auf.
Nachweise für Carnivoren-Aktivitäten durch bekaute oder angedaute Knochen sind spärlich überliefert in Lokalitäten des
mittleren und oberen Miozän Europas. In dieser Studie bestimmen wir Skelettelemente aus der obermiozänen Lokalität bei Rudabánya, die durch Carnivoren verändert wurden und diskutieren deren Signifikanz unter Bezug auf ökomorphologische Attribute rezenter Beutegreifer, um auf Muster der Beuteauswahl und Freßverhalten schließen zu können.